Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Malaysia equips individuals with practical skills, enhances employability, fosters entrepreneurship, promotes social inclusion, facilitates industry collaboration, and contributes to national development goals. This paper presents a qualitative comparative analysis of TVET governance and financing mechanisms in five prominent Industry 4.0 nations: Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Singapore, and China. Based on an extensive literature review that includes academic articles, government reports, and policy documents, the study provides insights into the structure   s, pathways, and funding models of TVET systems in each country. Although governance structures and financing mechanisms vary across these nations, they share common challenges such as perception stigma, misalignment with labour market needs, and the integration of new technologies. The findings emphasise the importance of effective governance, strong collaboration with industry, and continuous learning initiatives to address these challenges and to improve the relevance and quality of TVET education. This research enhances the understanding of global TVET systems and offers valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in strengthening TVET governance and financing strategies in the context of Industry 4.0. The comparative approach enables stakeholders to tackle shared issues such as negative perceptions and skills mismatches through focused interventions and policy improvements. In addition, it supports collaboration and the exchange of knowledge among countries, institutions, and stakeholders, encouraging mutual learning and ongoing development within the TVET sector.